SDGs - Sustainability Office

Date source：Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development https://sdgs.un.org/2030agenda

I. Guildline of the Sustainable Development 2030 Agenda

Food and agriculture are the keys to achieving the overall sustainable development goals-where focusing on rural development and agro-investment (including crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture) is powerful tool to eradicate poverty and hunger and achieve sustainable development. Environmental changes have made agriculture vital in combating climate change.

Until 2030, hunger and poverty can be ended. The 2030 Agenda is a historic promise that will lift the world out of the double disaster of poverty and hunger. The goal of interconnection means that countries understand each other and monitor the results of actions, and that in addition to cooperation, countries also share knowledge.

“Ready to support” is a specialized agency of the United Nations. The comprehensive capabilities of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and its long-term experience in cooperation with development related participants, and specialized expertise in the three dimensions of sustainable development can help countries implement “The 2030 Agenda”. FAO’s strategic framework is broadly consistent with the sustainable development goals.

II. The ideals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is willing to support countries and work with partners to achieve sustainable development goals.

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development includes the 17 Sustainable Development Goals and 169 targets with which countries can take action to end poverty and hunger in the world by the end of 2030.

SDG1-End poverty in all its forms everywhere

Poverty is not only a lack of income and resources to ensure a livelihood, it can also reflect the lack of opportunities and disability in many interrelated areas, including: lack of educational opportunities, employment, medical care, drinking water, sanitation, lack of politics participation, insecure personal security conditions, and lack of productivity due to erosion of natural resources.

About three-quarters of the extreme poor live in rural areas. FAO has a comparative advantage to solve the problem of rural poverty in a people-oriented way, and this approach is very consistent with sustainable development. Through the establishment of a social protection system, the establishment of rural-urban links, and the establishment of policies that focus on raising the income of key individuals (small-holder farmer, forest farmers, fishermen, indigenous, rural women and youth), there is a potential for significant economic output in developing countries. And the lasting impact.

FAO strengthens rural institutions and organizations and eliminates rural poverty by developing government or other organizational capabilities.

SDG2-End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture

Although there is more than enough food produced today to feed every last one of us. Yet almost 800 million people remain chronically undernourished, and malnutrition affects almost one-third of the population on the planet. Therefore, one of the great challenges facing the world is how to ensure that the growing global population (which is expected to reach 10 billion by 2050) can have enough high-quality food to meet the nutritional needs of an active and healthy life.

However, the earth is experiencing more and more degradation of water and soil, land and biodiversity, deteriorating natural resources, and more frequent and increasingly serious climate changes. In order to provide food for another 2 billion people in 2050, food production needs to increase by 60%. The output of developing countries needs to nearly double, but climate change makes this task more difficult to achieve.

At the same time, cultivating more people will be a huge challenge, but this challenge can be achieved through the transformation of the food and agricultural system, into more sustainable and diversified consumption and production, improved governance, and the will to ensure political action. In the Sustainable Development Goal 2, food security is regarded as a complex condition that requires a comprehensive approach and a series of supplementary actions to achieve safe food levels, various forms of malnutrition, and small-scale food producers. To understand the productivity and income, the resilience of food production systems, and the sustainable use of biodiversity and genetic resources.

Achieving hunger relief is a core work item of FAO, and the organization is working with governments and partners to mainstream food security, nutrition and sustainable agriculture into public policies and plans.

SDG3-Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages

Good health starts with nutrition without safe daily food. Humans will not be able to live, learn, prosper, or lead a healthy and productive life.

First, food must be safe. Due to the large number and variety of foods appearing around the world today, the Codex Alimentarius (Food Code) established by FAO and the World Health Organization in 1963 has never been more effective. Harmonize international food standards to protect consumer health and promote fair practices in food trade practices. Therefore, FAO will work to strengthen the capacity of government and private sector institutions to ensure the quality and safety of food throughout the food chain from production and processing to retail and consumption. At the same time, FAO also helps families, communities and countries to diversify their food production through income generation and biotech support.

Improving the health of pregnant women is the key to saving the lives of millions of women. The heavy workload, coupled with poor diet and frequent pregnancy, severely impairs women’s health. FAO prioritizes the nutrition of women and girls, and promotes women’s nutrition awareness, especially in rural areas.

Containing the human immunodeficiency virus or the burden of diseases in threatened areas such as AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, brucellosis, and rabies can also have a significant impact on food security and nutrition.

More than 70% of human diseases originate in animals. Healthy animals contribute to people’s health and sustainable food production. FAO improves animal health by promoting more effective and sustainable practices in animal production, as well as preventing and controlling diseases that threaten animal production, public health, and trade.

SDG4-Ensure inclusive and quality education for all and promote lifelong learning

Obtaining high-quality education is the foundation for improving people’s lives and sustainable development. Enrollment rates at all levels are currently increasing, especially for women. However, stunting and malnutrition in some countries still hinder children’s schooling and impair their ability to learn, and even deprive a better future. Most preschool child from rural areas who fail to go to school, and there are millions of children trapped in child labor in agriculture. In coordination with other UN agencies, support has been obtained to improve primary education opportunities; FAO assists countries in establishing school gardening and school feeding programs-right to food legislation and social protection programs. It is expected that the program will encourage schooling, bring immediate nutritional and physical development benefits to young children, and bring lasting social, economic and environmental benefits to the entire community.

FAO promotes increased demand for nutrition education in “all schools” in agriculture and rural communities, in which classroom learning and practical activities are linked to each other, strengthening the nutrition and hygiene-friendly environment, and allowing school faculty, families and communities to participate. At the same time, FAO encourages schools to arrange campus calendars to better suit the seasonal work in rural areas, and to arrange training courses for rural young laborers.

The rural population has limited access to good education, especially young people and women. But it is undeniable that equal acceptance of excellent education and lifelong learning are key factors to ensure sustainable agricultural development and rural transformation.

SDG5-Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls

Implement every goal of the 2030 Agenda based on the principle of “not missing any country.”

In all sustainable development goals, gender equality and women’s empowerment are fairly clear. Although Sustainable Development Goal 5 is an independent goal, gender equality is highly correlated with multiple goals of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.

Gender equality is a necessary foundation for fairness, peace, prosperity and a sustainable world, and it is also a basic human right. Women’s empowerment is a prerequisite for sustainable development. In all regions, rural women experience greater difficulties than men in obtaining land, fertilizers, irrigation water, seeds, technology, tools, credit, extension services, profitable cash crops, output markets, and rural institutions limit. Women often face discrimination in the rural labor market and are often responsible for most of the unpaid care work in their families and communities. Such incidents severely hinder women’s ability to contribute to agricultural production and rural development.

Studies have shown that when rural women have equal access to production and financial resources, income opportunities, education and services, agricultural output will increase, and the number of poor and hungry people will be greatly reduced.

FAO uses gender equality to improve nutrition, improve agricultural productivity, natural resource management, and improve the lives of rural people. Full and fair participation in decision-making is the core of the task of achieving national food security. Without gender equality and the economic, social and political empowerment of rural women, food security will not be achieved.

SDG6-Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all

How to increase food production with less water is one of the great challenges of this era. If the current consumption pattern is maintained, by 2025, two-thirds of the world’s population may live in water-scarce countries. In addition, water scarcity, poor water quality and inadequate sanitation facilities have adversely affected the food security, livelihood choices and educational opportunities of poor families worldwide. Drought affects some of the world’s poor countries, exacerbating hunger and malnutrition.

The amount of water required for crops and livestock already accounts for 70% of all water withdrawals, even as high as 95% in some developing countries. As global population growth and economic development drive increased demand for food, water withdrawals for irrigation and livestock will also increase. Changes in diet have also changed global food consumption. For example, an increase in meat consumption means that more water is needed.

FAO is cooperating with countries to ensure that agricultural water is used more efficiently, productively, fairly and environmentally. It also supports countries in monitoring water use efficiency, stress levels, and supporting economic development; ensuring that water resources are still available. For future generations to use, and can protect the ecosystem. In order to meet the world’s future fuel and food needs, and improve the sustainable use of production and water, especially the knowledge of food and energy, research and innovation in this area are essential.

SDG7-Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and clean energy for all

This goal is to achieve food security and more adequate nutrition. Energy plays a key role in promoting.

The energy used in the current food system is not sustainable. Modern food systems rely heavily on fossil fuels, which consume about 30% of the world’s available energy; and cause more than 20% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. At the same time, fluctuations in global energy prices may have a major impact on food security: energy prices affect agricultural inputs and production costs, thereby affecting food prices. In order to provide more food with less and cleaner energy, food and agricultural systems need to gradually depart from dependence on fossil fuels and embrace renewable energy.

The transformation of smart energy and food systems requires a systematic perspective, coordinated policies, appropriate legal frameworks, comprehensive multi-stakeholder dialogues and global partnerships to support actions.

Through the use of the water-energy-food link, the multi-partner cooperation project proposed by FAO, ” Energy-Smart Food for People and Climate “, aims to support stakeholders to improve Energy efficiency, increasing the use of renewable energy, and improving the availability of energy services within the modern food system.

SDG8-Promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth, employment and decent work for all

Sustainable economic growth will create conditions for society, create quality employment opportunities for people, stimulate the economy, and at the same time not cause harm to the environment.

The rural areas where most poor people live and work in the world are particularly in need of high-quality jobs. Agriculture is the world’s largest single employer, especially for developing countries, because it accounts for a considerable share of GDP. Responsible investment in sustainable agriculture and food systems can promote major social benefits; including reducing inequality, inclusive growth, and creating dignified jobs.

There is too little investment in the food and agricultural sectors, and smallholder investment is more than the government, sponsors, and private companies combined. Investment is increasingly dominated by domestic resources, and the relative importance of official development-assisted flows may decrease as a result.

Policies and public investment must increase investment capacity, and policy and public investment for smallholder farmers engaged in the food system must increase investment capacity, and enable small-holder farmer, micro or small and medium-sized enterprises engaged in the food system to obtain investment and financing opportunities. The government can obtain investment and financing opportunities for basic public products and services, micro or small and medium enterprises. The government’s investment in basic public goods and services is of great help in promoting the environment.

However, agriculture cannot cope with employment challenges alone. In addition to farm work, through rural non-agricultural economic activities, including the agricultural product chain related to sustainable agriculture, agricultural enterprise development, and related support service economic activities, including the agricultural product chain related to sustainable agriculture, agricultural enterprise development, and related support services, It has great potential for job creation.

The employment creation policy for rural youth, the use of youth and their innovative ability will help revitalize the employment creation policy for rural youth, and the use of youth and their innovative ability will help revitalize agriculture and rural labor, and rural youth have better employment prospects It also helps to reduce agricultural and rural labor. Youth in rural areas have better employment prospects, and it also helps reduce labor mobility in urban areas in urban areas.

SDG9-Build resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable industrialization and foster innovation

Infrastructure investment—transportation, irrigation, storage equipment, energy, electrification, and communication technology—plays an important role in achieving sustainable development and empowering communities in many countries. It has long been understood that the growth of productivity and income, as well as the improvement of food security and health and education, requires investment in infrastructure and market facilities.

Nearly 80% of the world’s poor live outside of towns and cities. In developing countries, rural areas are home to most people, most of whom depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. Due to isolation and insufficient infrastructure, limited connections and lack of access to the market have a direct impact on the income and livelihoods of small-scale producers, such as lack of infrastructure for transportation, storage, refrigeration and markets, directly from farms or capture Fresh products such as fruits, vegetables, meat and fish will rot quickly.

Investment in rural infrastructure, diversified rural employment, and improved rural-urban links can promote a more interconnected and vibrant society; at the same time, it can slow the migration of rural populations to cities. Creating opportunities for sustainable rural livelihoods can ensure that the country’s growth is both inclusive and balanced.

Small-scale producers in rural communities are often the most isolated and vulnerable to food vulnerabilities. Aiming to transform employment diversification into non-agricultural activities, and to provide small-holder farming with affordable technology and infrastructure to transform the food system in a sustainable manner, such targeted interventions are essential to accelerate poverty reduction. The growth of non-agricultural activities is usually driven by agricultural growth, which can stimulate local employment creation.

SDG10-Reduce inequality within and among countries

The international community has made significant progress in lifting people out of hunger and poverty. However, there are still huge differences in inequality in access to food, land, social protection, health and education services. To reduce inequality, policies should be universal in principle, and attention should be paid to the diversity of socio-economic backgrounds and the needs of disadvantaged and marginalized groups.

“Never miss any country” is the core of the sustainable development policy of the United Nations and FAO. Expanding opportunities and ensuring access to opportunities can improve the lives of the poor, strengthen children’s health and education, help the disadvantaged get out of poverty, promote economic prosperity, and make society more equitable.

Without economic access—the ability to obtain safe food—millions of people around the world will fall into a cycle of poverty, unable to contribute to the country’s economic growth. Poor and vulnerable people, especially rural women, still have limited access to land and natural resources, which also affects the way they use natural resources.

FAO works with countries and partners to connect small-scale farmers with the market through the development of rural infrastructure and services, create employment opportunities in rural areas where most disadvantaged groups live, and expand social protection structures to support the poorest. Poor people and ensure that they have access to natural resources.

SDG11-Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable

In 2007, the world’s urban population surpassed the rural population for the first time in history. The rapid growth of cities in developing countries is placing huge demands on food systems. Cities have expanded to fertile land, and urban households have increased their demand for food and are competing for the right to use natural resources, such as land and water.

Inevitably, food price fluctuations tend to have the greatest impact on urban consumers because they rely almost entirely on food purchases. Changes in food prices and income directly translate into a decline in purchasing power, and an increase in food insecurity, which damages the quantity and quality of their diet.

Although family farms still produce 80% of the world’s food, recent trends are that agriculture—including gardening, livestock, fishing, forestry, and milk production—has increasingly spread to towns and surrounding areas. Agriculture in cities and surrounding cities can provide fresh food, create job opportunities, recycle urban organic waste, establish green belts, and strengthen cities’ ability to respond to climate change.

In addition to promoting urban and peri-urban agriculture, defined as planting and raising animals in and around cities, FAO is strengthening cooperation with partner organizations, such as cooperation on rural-urban linkages and land tenure issues. FAO has also participated in various agency initiatives to improve urban food systems, urban sanitation, water quality, wastewater management, nutrition, and humanitarian measures to respond to urban crises.

SDG12-Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns

As urbanization accelerates, the natural resource base continues to deteriorate, and the global population continues to grow, it means that more people need to rely on less water, cultivated land, and rural labor to feed. Meeting the expected growth in water, energy, and food demand represents a shift to more sustainable consumption and production methods that make agriculture and food systems more efficient and sustainable.

A shocking fact is that the world loses or wastes about one-third of its total food production every year, yet nearly 800 million people on the planet suffer from chronic hunger.

To provide food sustainably, producers need to grow more food and reducing negative environmental impacts such as loss of soil, water and nutrients, greenhouse gas emissions and ecosystem degradation. And consumers must be encouraged to change and adopt a nutritious and safe diet with a lower environmental carbon footprint. Reducing food loss and waste is currently a topic of global concern, governments, research institutions, producers, distributors, retailers and consumers have all put forward relevant opinions on how to adjust the system to save food.

FAO is the main actor coordinating global initiatives, activities and projects on food loss and waste reduction; it works with UN agencies, other international organizations, the private sector and civil society.

SDG13-Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts

Climate change is affecting every country. It is destroying the country’s economy and affecting lives, and it is paying a huge price from people, communities and countries. People are experiencing the major effects of climate change, including changing weather patterns, rising sea levels and more extreme weather. The greenhouse gases produced by human activities are promoting and continuing to exacerbate climate change, but the poorest people are most affected by climate change.

Rising temperatures, changing rainfall patterns and extreme weather events pose a real threat to global food production, and agriculture plays an important role in responding to climate change. Investment in all agricultural sectors can simultaneously adapt to and mitigate climate change and improve the lives of rural people. Adapting to climate change is an information-intensive situation, because farmers, herders, fishermen and forestry operators need to have the ability to understand local climate impacts and vulnerabilities, which determine the planting cycle and other management interventions.

FAO is supporting countries to improve decision-making and implement smarter climate agriculture practices and policies by providing tools such as technical capacity development, guidance, and data. Its assistance focuses on an integrated approach to agricultural development, and through the design of Nationally Adaptation Plans (NAPs), Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs), and other climate actions that countries have publicly pledged to pursue. Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs).

SDG14-Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources

The oceans, seas and coastal areas provide mankind with many products and ecosystems that are vital to human well-being, global food security and nutrition. They constitute an integrated and basic part of the Earth’s ecosystem and are extremely important for sustainable development. Fisheries and aquaculture provide ample opportunities for reducing hunger and improving nutrition, alleviating poverty, promoting economic growth, and ensuring better use of natural resources, and in line with the multiple goals of the 2030 Agenda.

Aquaculture is the fastest growing food sector and has the potential to produce the fish needed to meet the growing population’s demand for safe, highly nutritious food. However, overfishing can threaten human livelihoods, unmanaged expansion of aquaculture can lead to pollution, and rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can cause ocean acidification.

FAO’s initiatives focus on promoting good governance, participatory decision-making processes, and promoting best practices in fisheries. According to the integrated fisheries and aquaculture methods of sustainable development goal 14, FAO’s Blue Growth Initiative aims to coordinate the environmental, social and economic aspects of living aquatic resources to ensure the fair interests of the community. Balance growth and conservation, as well as industrial and small-scale artisanal fisheries and aquaculture. Blue Growth solves environmental problems and provides fishermen, especially young people, with dignified job opportunities; at the same time, it promotes income and nutrition security and protects natural resources.

SDG15-Sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, halt and reverse land degradation, halt biodiversity loss

A healthy ecosystem can protect the earth and sustain livelihoods. Terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems, especially forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, all make significant contributions to biodiversity and provide countless environmental goods and services. They contribute to a dignified life, while providing clean air and water, protecting biodiversity and mitigating climate change. Forests and pastures support many industries to create jobs and income, and provide a source of food, medicine and fuel for more than one billion people.

However, global natural resources are deteriorating, ecosystems are under pressure, and biodiversity is also being lost. Land use patterns have also changed; including deforestation, leading to loss of precious habitats, reduction of clean water sources, land degradation, soil erosion and carbon emissions into the atmosphere, which will result in the loss of valuable economic assets and livelihood opportunities. The goal of sustainable development goes beyond pure protection and recognizes the importance of sustainable management of natural resources to ensure the long-term survival of the planet. Achieving the goal of sustainable development requires data and assessment of the state of the earth’s resources in order to respond based on sound evidence.

FAO’s assessment report on the state of natural resources such as soil, forests, and land degradation provides recommendations for basic decision-making, such as: Forest Partnership, Global Soil Cooperation Network, and Mountain Partnership. Multi-stakeholder alliances have been committed to promoting nature. A sustainable approach to resource management. They support an inclusive management approach and promote a balance between conservation and development actions.

SDG16-Promote just, peaceful and inclusive societies

The food security and healthy agricultural sector can play a central role in conflict prevention and peacebuilding.

In many countries that have failed to achieve their Millennium Development Goals, disasters or political instability have led to long-term crises and food insecurity. The rural population is most affected by the conflict: attacks on farming communities destroy rural livelihoods and expel people from their homes. The consequences are damage to agricultural production, loss of livestock and crops, and failure to open markets.

Although the international community is currently devoting most of its resources to save people affected by prolonged crises and avoid humanitarian intervention in their lives, what it can do more is to help disadvantaged groups and most people living in rural areas to rebuild their lives. livelihood. However, peace and food security often complement each other. Therefore, interventions to ensure food security, protect and restore the agricultural sector must be able to resolve the root causes of conflicts.

The lesson learned from the 2007-2008 global food crisis is that lack of investment in rural areas may harm the country and food security. FAO plays a key role in building peace, restoring rural livelihoods, building flexibility, governance issues and participatory decision-making methods. The UN works with countries and partners to formulate policy and management frameworks, innovative institutional arrangements, and functional rural organizations to help small-scale producers overcome social, political, and economic barriers. Multiple stakeholders—including the voices of marginalized people—participate in planning and policy making, which can increase ownership, reduce the likelihood of conflict, and increase the chances of long-term policy success.

SDG17-Revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development

The complexity and interrelationship of sustainable development goals requires new business methods, requiring all development participants to engage in and share knowledge that supports countries in implementing and monitoring sustainable development goals. The partnership is based on principles and values, a common vision and a common goal. This vision and goal regard people and the earth as the core. They will need to be implemented at all levels: global, regional, national and local.

Urgent action is needed to mobilize, redirect, and unlock the transformative power of trillions of dollars in private resources to achieve sustainable development goals. In key sectors (including sustainable energy, infrastructure and transportation, information and communication technology), especially developing countries require long-term investment.

Partnerships are at the core of FAO’s mission and help build consensus on areas free from hunger. The effectiveness of the organization as a decision-making forum and a unique center of excellence, knowledge and technical expertise, depends to a large extent on its ability to develop work and develop strategic partnerships with food and agriculture.

In line with the massively expanded global framework that supports data collection and tracking of progress, FAO recognizes multi-stakeholder partnerships as its main driving force in support of the 2030 Agenda.

細項目標

Goal	Index
Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere	1.1 By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day
	1.2 By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions
	1.3 Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable
	1.4 By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services, including microfinance
	1.5 By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters
	1.a Ensure significant mobilization of resources from a variety of sources, including through enhanced development cooperation, in order to provide adequate and predictable means for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, to implement programmes and policies to end poverty in all its dimensions
	1.b Create sound policy frameworks at the national, regional and international levels, based on pro-poor and gender-sensitive development strategies, to support accelerated investment in poverty eradication actions
Goal 2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture	2.1 By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round
	2.2 By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of age, and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women and older persons
	2.3 By 2030, double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, in particular women, indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers, including through secure and equal access to land, other productive resources and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets and opportunities for value addition and non-farm employment
	2.4 By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality
	2.5 By 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through soundly managed and diversified seed and plant banks at the national, regional and international levels, and promote access to and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, as internationally agreed
	2.a Increase investment, including through enhanced international cooperation, in rural infrastructure, agricultural research and extension services, technology development and plant and livestock gene banks in order to enhance agricultural productive capacity in developing countries, in particular least developed countries
	2.b Correct and prevent trade restrictions and distortions in world agricultural markets, including through the parallel elimination of all forms of agricultural export subsidies and all export measures with equivalent effect, in accordance with the mandate of the Doha Development Round
	2.c Adopt measures to ensure the proper functioning of food commodity markets and their derivatives and facilitate timely access to market information, including on food reserves, in order to help limit extreme food price volatility
Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages	3.1 By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births
	3.2 By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births
	3.3 By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases
	3.4 By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being
	3.5 Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol
	3.6 By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents
	3.7 By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and programmes
	3.8 Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health-care services and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all
	3.9 By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination
	3.a Strengthen the implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in all countries, as appropriate
	3.b Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for the communicable and non-communicable diseases that primarily affect developing countries, provide access to affordable essential medicines and vaccines, in accordance with the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, which affirms the right of developing countries to use to the full the provisions in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights regarding flexibilities to protect public health, and, in particular, provide access to medicines for all
	3.c Substantially increase health financing and the recruitment, development, training and retention of the health workforce in developing countries, especially in least developed countries and small island developing States
	3.d Strengthen the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning, risk reduction and management of national and global health risks
Goal 4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all	4.1 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes
	4.2 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, care and pre-primary education so that they are ready for primary education
	4.3 By 2030, ensure equal access for all women and men to affordable and quality technical, vocational and tertiary education, including university
	4.4 By 2030, substantially increase the number of youth and adults who have relevant skills, including technical and vocational skills, for employment, decent jobs and entrepreneurship
	4.5 By 2030, eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal access to all levels of education and vocational training for the vulnerable, including persons with disabilities, indigenous peoples and children in vulnerable situations
	4.6 By 2030, ensure that all youth and a substantial proportion of adults, both men and women, achieve literacy and numeracy
	4.7 By 2030, ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development, including, among others, through education for sustainable development and sustainable lifestyles, human rights, gender equality, promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence, global citizenship and appreciation of cultural diversity and of culture’s contribution to sustainable development
	4.a Build and upgrade education facilities that are child, disability and gender sensitive and provide safe, non-violent, inclusive and effective learning environments for all
	4.b By 2020, substantially expand globally the number of scholarships available to developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island developing States and African countries, for enrolment in higher education, including vocational training and information and communications technology, technical, engineering and scientific programmes, in developed countries and other developing countries
	4.c By 2030, substantially increase the supply of qualified teachers, including through international cooperation for teacher training in developing countries, especially least developed countries and small island developing States
Goal 5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls	5.1 End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere
	5.2 Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation
	5.3 Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation
	5.4 Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of public services, infrastructure and social protection policies and the promotion of shared responsibility within the household and the family as nationally appropriate
	5.5 Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life
	5.6 Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights as agreed in accordance with the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development and the Beijing Platform for Action and the outcome documents of their review conferences
	5.a Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to ownership and control over land and other forms of property, financial services, inheritance and natural resources, in accordance with national laws
	5.b Enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communications technology, to promote the empowerment of women
	5.c Adopt and strengthen sound policies and enforceable legislation for the promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls at all levels

Goal	Index
Goal 6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all	6.1 By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all
	6.2 By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations
	6.3 By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally
	6.4 By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity
	6.5 By 2030, implement integrated water resources management at all levels, including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate
	6.6 By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes
	6.a By 2030, expand international cooperation and capacity-building support to developing countries in water- and sanitation-related activities and programmes, including water harvesting, desalination, water efficiency, wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse technologies
	6.b Support and strengthen the participation of local communities in improving water and sanitation management
Goal 7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all	7.1 By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services
	7.2 By 2030, increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix
	7.3 By 2030, double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency
	7.a By 2030, enhance international cooperation to facilitate access to clean energy research and technology, including renewable energy, energy efficiency and advanced and cleaner fossil-fuel technology, and promote investment in energy infrastructure and clean energy technology
	7.b By 2030, expand infrastructure and upgrade technology for supplying modern and sustainable energy services for all in developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island developing States, and land-locked developing countries, in accordance with their respective programmes of support
Goal 8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all	8.1 Sustain per capita economic growth in accordance with national circumstances and, in particular, at least 7 per cent gross domestic product growth per annum in the least developed countries
	8.2 Achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification, technological upgrading and innovation, including through a focus on high-value added and labour-intensive sectors
	8.3 Promote development-oriented policies that support productive activities, decent job creation, entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, and encourage the formalization and growth of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises, including through access to financial services
	8.4 Improve progressively, through 2030, global resource efficiency in consumption and production and endeavour to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation, in accordance with the 10-year framework of programmes on sustainable consumption and production, with developed countries taking the lead
	8.5 By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value
	8.6 By 2020, substantially reduce the proportion of youth not in employment, education or training
	8.7 Take immediate and effective measures to eradicate forced labour, end modern slavery and human trafficking and secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2025 end child labour in all its forms
	8.8 Protect labour rights and promote safe and secure working environments for all workers, including migrant workers, in particular women migrants, and those in precarious employment
	8.9 By 2030, devise and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products
	8.10 Strengthen the capacity of domestic financial institutions to encourage and expand access to banking, insurance and financial services for all
	8.a Increase Aid for Trade support for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, including through the Enhanced Integrated Framework for Trade-Related Technical Assistance to Least Developed Countries
	8.b By 2020, develop and operationalize a global strategy for youth employment and implement the Global Jobs Pact of the International Labour Organization
Goal 9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation	9.1 Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional and transborder infrastructure, to support economic development and human well-being, with a focus on affordable and equitable access for all
	9.2 Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and, by 2030, significantly raise industry’s share of employment and gross domestic product, in line with national circumstances, and double its share in least developed countries
	9.3 Increase the access of small-scale industrial and other enterprises, in particular in developing countries, to financial services, including affordable credit, and their integration into value chains and markets
	9.4 By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable, with increased resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes, with all countries taking action in accordance with their respective capabilities
	9.5 Enhance scientific research, upgrade the technological capabilities of industrial sectors in all countries, in particular developing countries, including, by 2030, encouraging innovation and substantially increasing the number of research and development workers per 1 million people and public and private research and development spending
	9.a Facilitate sustainable and resilient infrastructure development in developing countries through enhanced financial, technological and technical support to African countries, least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States
	9.b Support domestic technology development, research and innovation in developing countries, including by ensuring a conducive policy environment for, inter alia, industrial diversification and value addition to commodities
	9.c Significantly increase access to information and communications technology and strive to provide universal and affordable access to the Internet in least developed countries by 2020
Goal 10. Reduce inequality within and among countries	10.1 By 2030, progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom 40 per cent of the population at a rate higher than the national average
	10.2 By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status
	10.3 Ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome, including by eliminating discriminatory laws, policies and practices and promoting appropriate legislation, policies and action in this regard
	10.4 Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage and social protection policies, and progressively achieve greater equality
	10.5 Improve the regulation and monitoring of global financial markets and institutions and strengthen the implementation of such regulations
	10.6 Ensure enhanced representation and voice for developing countries in decision-making in global international economic and financial institutions in order to deliver more effective, credible, accountable and legitimate institutions
	10.7 Facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people, including through the implementation of planned and well-managed migration policies
	10.a Implement the principle of special and differential treatment for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, in accordance with World Trade Organization agreements
	10.b Encourage official development assistance and financial flows, including foreign direct investment, to States where the need is greatest, in particular least developed countries, African countries, small island developing States and landlocked developing countries, in accordance with their national plans and programmes
	10.c By 2030, reduce to less than 3 per cent the transaction costs of migrant remittances and eliminate remittance corridors with costs higher than 5 per cent

Goal	Index
Goal 11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
	11.1 By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums
	11.2 By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons
	11.3 By 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and management in all countries
	11.4 Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage
	11.5 By 2030, significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected and substantially decrease the direct economic losses relative to global gross domestic product caused by disasters, including water-related disasters, with a focus on protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations
	11.6 By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management
	11.7 By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities
	11.a Support positive economic, social and environmental links between urban, peri-urban and rural areas by strengthening national and regional development planning
	11.b By 2020, substantially increase the number of cities and human settlements adopting and implementing integrated policies and plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, resilience to disasters, and develop and implement, in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, holistic disaster risk management at all levels
	11.c Support least developed countries, including through financial and technical assistance, in building sustainable and resilient buildings utilizing local materials
Goal 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns	12.1 Implement the 10-year framework of programmes on sustainable consumption and production, all countries taking action, with developed countries taking the lead, taking into account the development and capabilities of developing countries
	12.2 By 2030, achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources
	12.3 By 2030, halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses
	12.4 By 2020, achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle, in accordance with agreed international frameworks, and significantly reduce their release to air, water and soil in order to minimize their adverse impacts on human health and the environment
	12.5 By 2030, substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse
	12.6 Encourage companies, especially large and transnational companies, to adopt sustainable practices and to integrate sustainability information into their reporting cycle
	12.7 Promote public procurement practices that are sustainable, in accordance with national policies and priorities
	12.8 By 2030, ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and awareness for sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with nature
	12.a Support developing countries to strengthen their scientific and technological capacity to move towards more sustainable patterns of consumption and production
	12.b Develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development impacts for sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products
	12.c Rationalize inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption by removing market distortions, in accordance with national circumstances, including by restructuring taxation and phasing out those harmful subsidies, where they exist, to reflect their environmental impacts, taking fully into account the specific needs and conditions of developing countries and minimizing the possible adverse impacts on their development in a manner that protects the poor and the affected communities
Goal 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts*	13.1 Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries
	13.2 Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning
	13.3 Improve education, awareness-raising and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning
	13.a Implement the commitment undertaken by developed-country parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to a goal of mobilizing jointly $100 billion annually by 2020 from all sources to address the needs of developing countries in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation and fully operationalize the Green Climate Fund through its capitalization as soon as possible
	13.b Promote mechanisms for raising capacity for effective climate change-related planning and management in least developed countries and small island developing States, including focusing on women, youth and local and marginalized communities
	* Acknowledging that the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is the primary international, intergovernmental forum for negotiating the global response to climate change.
Goal 14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development	14.1 By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution
	14.2 By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans
	14.3 Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels
	14.4 By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics
	14.5 By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific information
	14.6 By 2020, prohibit certain forms of fisheries subsidies which contribute to overcapacity and overfishing, eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and refrain from introducing new such subsidies, recognizing that appropriate and effective special and differential treatment for developing and least developed countries should be an integral part of the World Trade Organization fisheries subsidies negotiation
	14.7 By 2030, increase the economic benefits to Small Island developing States and least developed countries from the sustainable use of marine resources, including through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism
	14.a Increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacity and transfer marine technology, taking into account the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in particular small island developing States and least developed countries
	14.b Provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets
	14.c Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources by implementing international law as reflected in UNCLOS, which provides the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources, as recalled in paragraph 158 of The Future We Want
Goal 15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss	15.1 By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under international agreements
	15.2 By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally
	15.3 By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation-neutral world
	15.4 By 2030, ensure the conservation of mountain ecosystems, including their biodiversity, in order to enhance their capacity to provide benefits that are essential for sustainable development
	15.5 Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species
	15.6 Promote fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and promote appropriate access to such resources, as internationally agreed
	15.7 Take urgent action to end poaching and trafficking of protected species of flora and fauna and address both demand and supply of illegal wildlife products
	15.8 By 2020, introduce measures to prevent the introduction and significantly reduce the impact of invasive alien species on land and water ecosystems and control or eradicate the priority species
	15.9 By 2020, integrate ecosystem and biodiversity values into national and local planning, development processes, poverty reduction strategies and accounts
	15.a Mobilize and significantly increase financial resources from all sources to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity and ecosystems
	15.b Mobilize significant resources from all sources and at all levels to finance sustainable forest management and provide adequate incentives to developing countries to advance such management, including for conservation and reforestation
	15.c Enhance global support for efforts to combat poaching and trafficking of protected species, including by increasing the capacity of local communities to pursue sustainable livelihood opportunities
Goal 16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels	16.1 Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere
	16.2 End abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of violence against and torture of children
	16.3 Promote the rule of law at the national and international levels and ensure equal access to justice for all
	16.4 By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime
	16.5 Substantially reduce corruption and bribery in all their forms
	16.6 Develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions at all levels
	16.7 Ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making at all levels
	16.8 Broaden and strengthen the participation of developing countries in the institutions of global governance
	16.9 By 2030, provide legal identity for all, including birth registration
	16.10 Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms, in accordance with national legislation and international agreements
	16.a Strengthen relevant national institutions, including through international cooperation, for building capacity at all levels, in particular in developing countries, to prevent violence and combat terrorism and crime
	16.b Promote and enforce non-discriminatory laws and policies for sustainable development

Goal	Index
Goal 17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development
	Finance	17.1 Strengthen domestic resource mobilization, including through international support to developing countries, to improve domestic capacity for tax and other revenue collection
		17.2 Developed countries to implement fully their official development assistance commitments, including the commitment by many developed countries to achieve the target of 0.7 per cent of ODA/GNI to developing countries and 0.15 to 0.20 per cent of ODA/GNI to least developed countries; ODA providers are encouraged to consider setting a target to provide at least 0.20 per cent of ODA/GNI to least developed countries
		17.3 Mobilize additional financial resources for developing countries from multiple sources
		17.4 Assist developing countries in attaining long-term debt sustainability through coordinated policies aimed at fostering debt financing, debt relief and debt restructuring, as appropriate, and address the external debt of highly indebted poor countries to reduce debt distress
		17.5 Adopt and implement investment promotion regimes for least developed countries
	Technology	17.6 Enhance North-South, South-South and triangular regional and international cooperation on and access to science, technology and innovation and enhance knowledge sharing on mutually agreed terms, including through improved coordination among existing mechanisms, in particular at the United Nations level, and through a global technology facilitation mechanism
		17.7 Promote the development, transfer, dissemination and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies to developing countries on favourable terms, including on concessional and preferential terms, as mutually agreed
		17.8 Fully operationalize the technology bank and science, technology and innovation capacity-building mechanism for least developed countries by 2017 and enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communications technology
	Capacity-building	17.9 Enhance international support for implementing effective and targeted capacity-building in developing countries to support national plans to implement all the sustainable development goals, including through North-South, South-South and triangular cooperation
	Trade	17.10 Promote a universal, rules-based, open, non-discriminatory and equitable multilateral trading system under the World Trade Organization, including through the conclusion of negotiations under its Doha Development Agenda
		17.11 Significantly increase the exports of developing countries, in particular with a view to doubling the least developed countries’ share of global exports by 2020
		17.12 Realize timely implementation of duty-free and quota-free market access on a lasting basis for all least developed countries, consistent with World Trade Organization decisions, including by ensuring that preferential rules of origin applicable to imports from least developed countries are transparent and simple, and contribute to facilitating market access
	Systemic issues
	Policy and institutional coherence	17.13 Enhance global macroeconomic stability, including through policy coordination and policy coherence
		17.14 Enhance policy coherence for sustainable development
		17.15 Respect each country’s policy space and leadership to establish and implement policies for poverty eradication and sustainable development
	Multi-stakeholder partnerships	17.16 Enhance the global partnership for sustainable development, complemented by multi-stakeholder partnerships that mobilize and share knowledge, expertise, technology and financial resources, to support the achievement of the sustainable development goals in all countries, in particular developing countries
	Multi-stakeholder partnerships	17.17 Encourage and promote effective public, public-private and civil society partnerships, building on the experience and resourcing strategies of partnerships

	Data, monitoring and accountability
		17.18 By 2020, enhance capacity-building support to developing countries, including for least developed countries and small island developing States, to increase significantly the availability of high-quality, timely and reliable data disaggregated by income, gender, age, race, ethnicity, migratory status, disability, geographic location and other characteristics relevant in national contexts
		17.19 By 2030, build on existing initiatives to develop measurements of progress on sustainable development that complement gross domestic product, and support statistical capacity-building in developing countries